When an original equipment manufacturer, or OEM, remotely connects to a factory environment, it may diagnose equipment or configure a programmable logic controller. This connection creates a temporary pathway through the organisation’s security boundary. This access may be necessary to...
When a cyber incident strikes, technical containment is only one part of the response. In that situation, boards and executives must make regulatory, legal and communication decisions before the technical investigation is complete. The governance challenge is to act quickly...
Autonomous AI agents are moving beyond content generation into operational decision-making. They query customer databases, update records, interact with cloud infrastructure, call business APIs, and communicate with employees or third parties. This changes the enterprise risk model. Cyber risk is...
Insurance brokerages retain sensitive information such as policy schedules, claims histories, identity records, financial disclosures and correspondence. When historical data sits in forgotten servers, backup platforms, inherited systems or former branch environments, it creates a hidden attack surface. The key...
Risk committees often assume routers and firewalls are secure once deployed, patched, and logged in the risk register. But network devices are control points, not static assets, they drift from approved baselines through firmware age, legacy services, exposed management interfaces,...
Temporary vendor access becomes a governance risk when no one remains accountable for its continued use. Aviation organisations depend on maintenance providers, ground-handling companies, software suppliers and specialist engineers to support complex operational environments. These relationships require external access to...
Treating corporate defence as a discretionary cyber security expense rather than a core operational baseline creates an unacceptable structural liability for industrial supply chains. When corporate boards rely on unverified assumptions regarding their defensive capabilities, they expose their entire production...
Digital platforms now shape many parts of daily life, including the rental housing market. Prospective tenants often rely on online applications to secure a property. These systems promise convenience and efficiency. However, they also collect large amounts of personal information....
Ten years ago, most organisations relied on basic cyber controls. A firewall, antivirus, and routine patches were seen as good enough. This approach matched the threats of the time. In 2026, the threat landscape looks very different. Attackers use automation,...
Zero Trust is a security approach based on one simple rule: never trust, always verify. Instead of assuming that “inside the network” is safe, every access request is treated as potentially risky. This mindset matters in IoT/OT because networks are...